History[edit]
Larry Ellison and his two friends and former co-workers, Bob Miner and Ed Oates, started a consultancy called Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name Oracle comes from the code-name of a CIA-funded project Ellison had worked on while formerly employed by Ampex.[7]
Releases and versions[edit]
Oracle products follow a custom release-numbering and -naming convention. The "c" in the current release, Oracle Database 19c, stands for "Cloud". Previous releases (e.g. Oracle Database 10g and Oracle9i Database) have used suffixes of "g" and "i" which stand for "Grid" and "Internet" respectively. Prior to the release of Oracle8i Database, no suffixes featured in Oracle Database naming conventions. Note that there was no v1 of Oracle Database, as co-founder Larry Ellison "knew no one would want to buy version 1".[8] Oracle's RDBMS release numbering has used the following codes:
| Oracle Database Version | Initial Release Version | Initial Release Date | Terminal Patchset Version | Terminal Patchset Date | Marquee Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle v2 | 2.3 | 1979 | First commercially available SQL-based RDBMS implementing some basic SQL queries and simple joins[9] | ||
| Oracle v3 | 3.1.3 | 1983 | Concurrency control, data distribution, and scalability | ||
| Oracle v4 | 4.1.4.0 | 1984 | 4.1.4.4 | Multiversion read consistency. First version available for MS-DOS.[10][11] | |
| Oracle v5 | 5.0.22 (5.1.17) | 1985 | 5.1.22 | Support for client/server computing and distributed database systems. First version available for OS/2.[12] | |
| Oracle v6 | 6.0.17 | 1988 | 6.0.37 | Row-level locking, scalability, online backup and recovery, PL/SQL. First version available for Novell Netware 386.[13] | |
| Oracle 6.2 | 6.2.0 | Oracle Parallel Server | |||
| Oracle7 | 7.0.12 | June 1992 | PL/SQL stored procedures, Triggers, Distributed 2-phase commit, Shared Cursors, Cost Based Optimizer | ||
| Oracle 7.1 | 7.1.0 | May 1994 | Parallel SQL Execution. First version available for Windows NT.[14] | ||
| Oracle 7.2 | 7.2.0 | May 1995 | Shared Server, XA Transactions, Transparent Application Failover | ||
| Oracle 7.3 | 7.3.0 | February 1996 | 7.3.4 | Object-relational database | |
| Oracle8 Database | 8.0.3 | June 1997 | 8.0.6 | Recovery Manager, Partitioning. First version available for Linux.[15] | |
| Oracle8i Database | 8.1.5.0 | 1998 | 8.1.7.4 | August 2000 | Native internet protocols and Java, Virtual Private Database |
| Oracle9i Database | 9.0.1.0 | 2001 | 9.0.1.5 | December 2003 | Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC), Oracle XML DB |
| Oracle9i Database Release 2 | 9.2.0.1 | 2002 | 9.2.0.8 | April 2007 | Advanced Queuing, Data Mining, Streams, Logical Standby |
| Oracle Database 10g Release 1 | 10.1.0.2 | 2003 | 10.1.0.5 | February 2006 | Automated Database Management, Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor, Grid infrastructure, Oracle ASM, Flashback Database |
| Oracle Database 10g Release 2 | 10.2.0.1 | July 2005 [16] | 10.2.0.5 | April 2010 | Real Application Testing, Database Vault, Online Indexing, Advanced Compression, Data Guard Fast-Start Failover, Transparent Data Encryption |
| Oracle Database 11g Release 1 | 11.1.0.6 | September 2007 | 11.1.0.7 | September 2008 | Active Data Guard, Secure Files, Exadata |
| Oracle Database 11g Release 2 | 11.2.0.1 | September 2009 [17] | 11.2.0.4 | August 2013 | Edition Based Redefinition, Data Redaction, Hybrid Columnar Compression, Cluster File System, Golden Gate Replication, Database Appliance |
| Oracle Database 12c Release 1 | 12.1.0.1 | July 2013 [18] | 12.1.0.2 | July 2014 | Multitenant architecture, In-Memory Column Store, Native JSON, SQL Pattern Matching, Database Cloud Service |
| Oracle Database 12c Release 2 | 12.2.0.1 | September 2016 (cloud) March 2017 (on-prem) | Native Sharding, Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, Exadata Cloud Service, Cloud at Customer | ||
| Oracle Database 18c | 18.1.0 // 12.2.0.2 | February 2018 (Cloud & Engineered Systems: 18.1.0)[19] July 2018 (on-prem: 18.3.0)[20] | Polymorphic Table Functions, Active Directory Integration | ||
| Oracle Database 19c | 19.1.0 // 12.2.0.3 | February 2019 (Exadata)[21] April 2019 (Linux and other platforms)[22] June 2019 (cloud) August 2019 (most recent patch set)[23] | Active Data Guard DML Redirection, Automatic Index Creation, Real-Time Statistics Maintenance, SQL Queries on Object Stores, In-Memory for IoT Data Streams, and many more. | ||
Legend: Old version Older version, still maintained Latest version | |||||
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